Infraestructura como código
En este nuevo artículo me gustaría explicar que es infraestructura
como código (IAC), pero primero definamos a que nos referimos cuando
hablamos sobre infraestructura.
Cuando hablamos de infraestructura nos referimos en este caso, a un
servidor(vps) , dominios, redes privadas. etc.
Definición
El concepto de infraestructura como código no es más que la forma de
automatización de nuestra infraestructura a través de código .
Puede que tu seas un freelance o trabajes en una compañía, en la que
constantemente se hace deploy de nuevas aplicaciones.
Imagina tener que estar creando un servidor(vps), agregando las llaves
ssh, creando un record A, load balancers, continuar con la instalación y
configuración de nginx ,mysql docker, php, etc. Todo esto cada vez que
tengas que hacer deploy de una nueva aplicación.
Este es un proceso en el que muchas veces se le dedica tiempo
innecesario.
Es por ello que muchas veces, es mejor encontrar o crear una solución para la automatización en este tipo de procesos.
Para poder trabajar o usar infraestructura como código, lo único que
tenemos que hacer es bien, crear nuestro propio script, o bien usar
alguna herramienta de un tercero.
Usualmente cuando trabajamos con infraestructura como código,
independiente de la herramienta que usamos, siempre trabajamos con algún
lenguaje para la descripción de la configuración, pudiendo ser json,
yaml o algún nuevo lenguaje propio del software (domain-specific
language ). dentro del archivo de configuración, es donde definiremos
todo los componentes necesarios para crear nuestra infraestructura,
variando de sintaxis entre los diferentes softwares que podemos usar.
Cabe mencionar que, usualmente este tipo de software nos permite,
configurar a nuestra infraestructura, de una manera muy detallada,
dependiendo del tipo de proveedor que elijamos , por ejemplo, poder
configurar redes privadas, sistema operativo, podemos agregar dominios,
subdominios , agregar nuestra claves ssh, elegir el datacenter etc. Algo
interesante es que, podemos agregar y ejecutar scripts dentro del vps
durante la construcción, esto para poder configurar dentro todo el
software.
Aunque de igual forma, tenemos otro concepto llamado configuración
como código (CaC)
Qué es exactamente el mismo concepto, pero este está orientado a la
configuración del software dentro de la infraestructura(vps), por
ejemplo la instalación y configuración de nginx, docker, ruby etc. Sin
embargo muchas veces los mismos proveedores (IaC) tienen la misma
funcionalidad o su funcionalidad es intercambiable.
Ventajas y desventajas.
Dentro de las ventajas como hemos mencionado es el de elaborar una
plantilla que podemos re-utilizar múltiples veces, eliminando la
necesidad de realizar configuraciones manuales. Esta sería, la principal
y más importante característica de este tipo de software.
Ya que con ello podemos hacer la replicación de la misma configuración,
para diferentes entornos, para testing, QA, producción, desarrollo, etc.
Otra ventaja que podemos encontrar es que usualmente este tipo de
software es del tipo agnóstico lo que quiere decir que no importa, el
proveedor en donde estés configurando nuestra infraestructura, pudiendo
ser digital ocean, amazon web services, azure, e inclusive virtualbox.
Una desventaja que podemos encontrar es quizá el tiempo que le
dedicamos en configurar nuestro archivo de configuración, así mismo, el
tener que modificar el archivo si es que agregamos una nueva tecnología o
configuración a nuestra infraestructura.
Lista de software para IaC y CaC
Debajo vemos una lista con varios de los proveedores de infraestructura y configuración como código más sobresalientes.
Cada uno de ellos comparten cierta similitud, en cuanto a configuración.
- Terraform
- Chef
- Puppet
- Ansible
- SaltStack
Conclusión
La automatización es sin duda una de las mejores cosas que podemos
hacer para ahorrar tiempo y muchas veces recursos.
El uso de IaC, dentro de una empresa o de manera independiente trae
muchas ventajas a largo plazo. Este concepto de IaC no es para nada
nuevo, es un concepto de muchos años. De hecho muchos autores. hacen
referencia a que este concepto fue la base de la cual ha surgido toda
esta tendencia del devops.
Espero que este pequeño artículo te haya servido, o te haya incentivado a
investigar más sobre el tema, y tal vez a aprender una nueva
tecnología.
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When you have been abroad and change your currency back
into sterling, is it not reassuring to see that great painter JMW Turner looking out at you from the £20 note?
Doesn’t the humble fiver – with Churchill on one side and the
late Queen or, increasingly, the King overleaf – tell you that you’re home?
As the Bank of England’s chief cashier, Victoria Cleland, says: ‘Banknotes
are more than just an important means of payment – they
serve as a symbolic representation of our national identity and an opportunity to celebrate
the UK.’
Why then, having lovingly created a suite of designs in recent years that
evokes a Britishness all of us are content with – from
Churchill on the £5, Jane Austen on the £10, Turner on the £20 and wartime code breaker and computing genius Alan Turing on the £50 – does the Bank
now want to risk it all in the pursuit of the dreaded D-word: diversity?
From today, the Bank invites the public to suggest artwork
and figures to adorn the next tranche of notes. We have a
month in which to submit our ideas to the
Bank’s website – and Ms Cleland is anxious to make her own priorities clear when she urges us to think about ‘the great
diversity in the UK’.
‘It may be we can get real diversity through a different theme than historic figures,’ she trills.
Well, this is a classic case of ‘if it ain’t
bust, don’t fix it’.
Yes, the choice of figures on banknotes has long been rather boring.
Civil engineer George Stephenson and his Rocket locomotive, for instance, were stalwarts of the fiver in the
Nineties, while the great 17th century architect,
Sir Christopher Wren, graced the £50 note from 1981 to 1994.
When you have been abroad and change your currency back into sterling,
is it not reassuring to see that great painter JMW Turner looking out at you from the £20 note?
Doesn’t the humble fiver – with Churchill on one side and
the late Queen or, increasingly, the King overleaf –
tell you that you’re home?
Why then, having lovingly created a suite of designs in recent years that evokes a Britishness all of us are content with –
including Jane Austen on the £10 – does the Bank now want to risk
it all in the pursuit of the dreaded D-word: diversity?
But surely only such titanic figures from our past are suitable for something
as vital and familiar as our currency. Ms Cleland is right: banknotes are not just a means of exchange.
They are an expression of who ‘we’ are.
And while diversity is undeniably a feature of modern Britain, now the risk is introducing
notes that make a controversial or political point, or which
might put some people’s backs up for championing a special-interest group.
The chief cashier is wrong, then, if she thinks that throwing out this opportunity to the public will necessarily improve the notes.
The world is teeming with discontented minorities who still believe
they lack a ‘voice’ – despite how loudly they clamour on social
media.
I, for example, would love to see Captain James Cook on the banknotes:
the first man to map New Zealand and the eastern coast of
Australia and who met his untimely end by being murdered
by furious natives in Hawaii. But these days, of course, Cook is seen for all his
brilliance as a monstrous coloniser – and the sad truth is that his presence
on the notes would offend large numbers of people.
In that context, a moment’s consideration should show us that
the chief cashier has fallen into a massive trap.
She is not about to be bombarded with suggestions of great and under-recognised figures from our past.
Instead, the Bank’s online submissions page is now destined
to become a magnet for lobbyists for every cause. And because
Ms Cleland is probably a nice person, with the instinctual British
hunch that maybe she’s in the wrong, these lobbies will start making her feel guilty.
Isn’t it a disgrace, they will ask her, that there are no disabled people on the
£10 notes? Well, no. But as soon as you say that, you sound as if you do not care about the plight of
the disabled.
Is the Bank Islamophobic? Before you have time to insist
it isn’t, people will be asking why there is no Islamic calligraphy on the currency; never mind that, until a few years ago,
Muslims comprised a minuscule proportion of the country.
Meanwhile, the estates of dead rock musicians – with one eye on back-catalogue royalties
– will be equally hard at work, getting bloc votes for
their man. The chief cashier, as well as going
to bed at night wondering if she is an Islamophobe with a hitherto unrecognised prejudice against people in wheelchairs, will also realise she’s a
fuddy-duddy who does not have the courage to put Sid Vicious of the Sex Pistols alongside the King on the note – and I don’t mean Elvis.
The Bank of England’s chief cashier, Victoria Cleland, pictured, is
anxious to make her own priorities clear when she urges us to think about
‘the great diversity in the UK’
I, for example, would love to see Captain James Cook on the banknotes:
the first man to map New Zealand and the eastern coast of Australia
The chief cashier will realise she’s a fuddy-duddy who does not have
the courage to put Sid Vicious of the Sex Pistols alongside the King on the note
Along will come the republicans asking for the King’s head to
be replaced by Oliver Cromwell himself
Why are there no trans people on banknotes, either?
Before she has racked her brains for an answer to that one, along will come the republicans asking for
the King’s head to be replaced by Oliver Cromwell himself.
(Mind you don’t cause offence to the Irish though,
given how many of their citizens were massacred by the
Lord Protector. The rap group Kneecap would have a field
day.) The whole business will instantly become a moral maze of competing claims.
The trouble with free votes is that they aren’t really free – they are lobbying in disguise.
Opening the floor to the public is fine for Strictly Come Dancing
and Eurovision, but as a means for deciding the design of something as
boring, everyday and – well, yes, serious – as the British banknote, it is simply moronic.
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